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15(5)2025 (IN PRESS)

Understanding the factors influencing the human development index of Asian nations using path analysis


Author - Affiliation:
Ronel Geraldizo Dagohoy - University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City
Joeteddy Barzaga Bugarin - University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City
Leomarich Fortugaliza Casinillo - Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte
Corresponding author: Joeteddy Barzaga Bugarin - leomarichcasinillo02011990@gmail.com
Submitted: 09-09-2024
Accepted: 05-11-2024
Published: 13-01-2025

Abstract
This study explores the factors influencing the Human Development Index (HDI) in Asian nations, focusing on Gross National Income (GNI) and the Gender Development Index (GDI) as key determinants. Using path analysis, the research analyzes secondary data from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report for 2021 - 2022. The findings indicate that both GNI (economic growth) and GDI (gender equality) have significant positive impacts on HDI, emphasizing the importance of economic prosperity and gender parity in fostering human development across Asia. Grounded in Amartya Sen’s capability approach, which prioritizes individual freedoms and choices, the study suggests region-specific policies. These include promoting economic diversification strategies tailored to emerging economies, enhancing technology and service sectors in middle-income countries, and expanding vocational training programs in lower-income nations to address skills gaps. For countries with significant gender disparities, robust policies that ensure equal access to education and employment for women are recommended. Additionally, prioritizing maternal and child healthcare improvements, particularly in less developed regions, can elevate overall well-being. By adopting these targeted strategies, Asian countries can achieve sustainable human development, creating societies where all individuals have the capability to lead fulfilling lives.

JEL codes
I25; J16; O15

Keywords
Asian nations; capability approach; human development index; gender and development index; gross national income; path analysis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.econ.en.15.5.3726.2025
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© The Author(s) 2025. This is an open access publication under CC BY NC licence.